Contents
0. Preface
0.1 Instructions
0.2 General References
1. Introduction
1.1 Historical Notes
1.1.1 Aerodynamics History
1.1.2 Boeing History
1.1.3 Airbus History
1.1.4 Invention of the Airplane
1.2 Aircraft Origins
1.2.1 New Aircraft Development
1.2.2 The Airline Industry
1.3 Future Aircraft
1.4 References
2. The Design Process
2.1 Market Determination
2.2 Design Requirements and Objectives
2.3 Design Requirements
2.4 Design Optimization
2.5 Computational Methods
3. Fuselage Layout
3.1 Cross Section Design
3.1.1 Cross Section
3.2 Fuselage Shape
3.2.1 Fuselage Layout
3.3 FARs Related to Fuselage Design
3.3.1 Seating-Related Items
3.3.2 Emergency Egress
3.3.3 Emergency Demonstration
3.4 Fuselage Design for SSTs
4. Drag
4.1 Parasite Drag
4.1.1 Skin Friction Coefficient
4.1.2 Form Factor
4.1.3 Wetted Area
4.1.4 Control Surface Gap Drag
4.1.5 Nacelle Base Drag
4.1.6 Fuselage Upsweep Drag
4.1.7 Miscellaneous Drag Items
4.2 Induced Drag
4.3 Compressibility Drag
4.3.1 Introduction
4.3.2 Predicting Mdiv
4.3.3 3D Effects and Sweep
4.3.4 Computing CDc
4.3.4.1 Computational Example
4.4 Supersonic Drag
4.4.1 Volume Wave Drag
4.4.2 Lift-Dependent Wave Drag
4.4.3 Program for Wave Drag Calculation
4.5 Wing-Body Drag Polar
5. Airfoils
5.1 History and Development
5.2 Airfoil Geometry
5.3 Pressure Distributions
5.4 Cp and Performance
5.5 Relating Geometry and Cp
5.5.1 Cp and Curvature
5.5.2 Interactive Calculations
5.6 Airfoil Design
5.7 Typical Design Problems
5.7.1 Thick Sections
5.7.2 High Lift Sections
5.7.3 Laminar Sections
5.7.4 Transonic Sections
5.7.5 Low Reynolds Number Sections
5.7.6 Low Cm Sections
5.7.7 Multiple Design Points
5.8 Airfoil Design Program
6. Wing Design
6.1 Wing Geometry
6.1.1 Wing Geometry Drawing
6.2 Wing Design Parameters
6.3 Lift Distributions
6.3.1 About Wing Lift Distributions
6.3.2 Geometry and Lift Distributions
6.3.3 Lift Distributions and Performance
6.4 Wing Design in More Detail
6.5 Nonplanar Wings and Winglets
6.6 Wing Layout Issues
6.7 Wing Analysis Program
6.8 Supersonic Wings
7. High-Lift Systems
7.1 Introduction
7.2 General Approach
7.4 Estimating CLmax
7.5 CLmax for SSTs
7.6 Wing-Body CLmax Calculation
8. Stability and Control
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Static Longitudinal Stability
8.2.1 Stability and Trim Calculation
8.3 Dynamic Stability
8.4 Longitudinal Control
8.5 Lateral Control
8.6 Tail Design and Sizing
8.7 FARs related to Stability
8.8 FARs related to Control
9. Propulsion
9.1 Basic Concepts
9.2 Installation
9.2.1 Engine Placement
9.2.2 Nacelle Design
9.2.3 Supersonic Considerations
9.3 Performance & Engine Data
9.3.1 Thrust vs. Speed and Altitude
9.3.2 SFC and Efficiency
9.3.3 Large Turbofan Data
9.3.4 Small Turbofans Data
9.3.5 Engines for SST's
9.4 Engine Model
10. Structure and Weights
10.1 Structural Loads
10.1.1 Design Airspeeds and Placards
10.1.2 Placard Calculation
10.1.3 V-n Diagrams
10.1.4 V-n Diagram Calculation
10.1.5 FAR Structures Requirements
10.1.6 FAR Gust Rules
10.2 Structural Design
10.3 Weight Estimation
10.3.1 Component Weights
10.3.2 Sample Weight Statements
10.3.3 Total Weights
10.4 Balance
10.5 Weight Calculation
11. Performance Estimation
11.1 Take-Off Field Length
11.1.1 Take-Off Calculation
11.2 Landing Field Length
1.2.1 Landing Calculation
11.3 Climb Performance
11.3.1 Climb Calculation
11.4 Cruise Performance and Range
11.4.1 Range Calculation
11.5 FARs Related to Aircraft Performance
11.5.1 FARs Related to Take-Off
11.5.2 FARs Related to Climb
11.5.3 FARs Related to Landing
12.Environmental Impact
12.1Noise
12.2 Noise Calculation
12.3 Emissions
12.4 Emissions Calculation
12.5 FAA Part 36
13. Cost
13.1 DOC and IOC
13.2 ATA Method
13.3 Cost Calculation
13.4 Airplane prices
13.5 Consumer Price Index
14. Optimization and Trade Studies
14.1 Performance Trade Studies
14.2 About the Variables...
14.3 Notes on Optimization
14.4 Optimization Program
14.5 Airplane Top View
14.6 Airplane 3-D View and Summary
15. Appendices
15.1 Standard Atmosphere
15.2 Unit Converter
15.3 Summary of Project Inputs
15.4 Summary of Results
15.5 Common Acronyms and Abbreviations
15.6 Unit Selection